{"id":2829,"date":"2026-05-29T03:37:26","date_gmt":"2026-05-29T00:37:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/gospodarskyj-spir\/"},"modified":"2026-09-14T16:24:48","modified_gmt":"2026-09-14T13:24:48","slug":"gospodarskyj-spir","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/gospodarskyj-spir\/","title":{"rendered":"Commercial litigation lawyer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>On 28 August 2025 the Commercial Code of Ukraine ceased to have effect. Relations between companies are now governed by the Civil Code and Law No. 4196-IX. This is not a formality: the six-month cap on charging penalties is gone, the rules on contractual penalties have changed, and many contracts signed \u201cunder the old Commercial Code\u201d cite provisions that no longer exist.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, on 4 September 2025 limitation periods suspended during quarantine and martial law resumed running (Law No. 4434-IX). For debts that arose between 2020 and 2025 the three-year period started from that date. \u201cOld\u201d debts that sat for years in the \u201cwe will deal with it later\u201d folder have a deadline again.<\/p>\n<p>This is exactly where a commercial disputes lawyer is needed: to recalculate the claim under the new rules, check the limitation periods and choose the procedure that works fastest. We recover debts from counterparties for companies and sole traders \u2014 from the demand letter to money in the account \u2014 and we start with an audit of your documents.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sb-call\"><a class=\"sb-call__link\" href=\"tel:+380955545424\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M5 4h4l2 5-2.5 1.5a11 11 0 0 0 5 5L15 13l5 2v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2A16 16 0 0 1 3 6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2z\"\/><\/svg><span>+38 095 554-54-24<\/span><\/a><span class=\"sb-call__note\">legal consultation<\/span><\/div>\n<h2>The disputes we handle<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sb-panel sb-panel--dark\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sb-panel__head\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"7\" width=\"18\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M9 7V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2\"\/><path d=\"M3 12h18\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"sb-panel__title\">Categories of case<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul class=\"sb-plist\"><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 3h12v18l-2-1.5L14 21l-2-1.5L10 21l-2-1.5L6 21z\"\/><path d=\"M9 8h6M9 12h6M9 16h4\"\/><\/svg><span><a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/advokat-po-kredytam\/styagnennya-borgu\/\">debt recovery<\/a> under contracts: supply, sale, works, services, lease, carriage, storage, distribution;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 3h8l4 4v14H6z\"\/><path d=\"M14 3v4h4M9 12h6M9 16h6\"\/><\/svg><span>having transactions declared invalid, including contracts signed by an unauthorised person or in breach of the articles of association;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3v18\"\/><path d=\"M3 8h5v8H3zM16 8h5v8h-5z\"\/><\/svg><span>termination and amendment of contracts, disputes over defective performance;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"8\" r=\"3.4\"\/><path d=\"M2.6 20a6.4 6.4 0 0 1 12.8 0\"\/><circle cx=\"17.5\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2.4\"\/><path d=\"M16 14.4A5 5 0 0 1 22 19\"\/><\/svg><span>corporate disputes between LLC members, challenges to shareholder resolutions;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3l8 3v6c0 5-3.5 8-8 9-4.5-1-8-4-8-9V6z\"\/><path d=\"M9 12l2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><span>defence against unfounded claims by a counterparty, reduction of penalties charged;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 5l6 6 4-4 8 8\"\/><path d=\"M15 15h6V9\"\/><\/svg><span>insolvency: initiating it, defending the debtor, joining the register of creditors\u2019 claims;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M14.5 3.5 20.5 9.5l-3 3-6-6z\"\/><path d=\"M11 7 4 14l3 3 7-7\"\/><path d=\"M3 21h10\"\/><\/svg><span>challenging decisions of the <a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/antymonopolne-zakonodavstvo-ukrayiny\/\">competition authority<\/a>, public procurement disputes.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<h2>What can be recovered besides the principal<\/h2>\n<p>The claim is made up of several parts, and each is calculated separately:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"sb-steps\"><li>The principal debt under delivery notes, acts and invoices.<\/li><li>The penalty. A debtor in default on a monetary obligation pays, at the creditor\u2019s demand, a penalty of twice the National Bank discount rate <span class=\"sb-art\">Art. 549(3) CC<\/span> \u2014 a provision carried over from the repealed Commercial Code. A contract may set a lower rate.<\/li><li>A contractual fine, where the contract provides for one: it is recovered alongside the penalty.<\/li><li>3 % per annum and inflationary losses <span class=\"sb-art\">Art. 625 CC<\/span>: these accrue for the whole period of default even if the contract says nothing about them.<\/li><\/ol><div class=\"sb-note sb-note--info\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M12 11v5M12 8v.4\"\/><\/svg><div class=\"sb-note__body\"><p>What changed when the Commercial Code was repealed. Article 232(6) used to cap penalties at six months from the date performance fell due. That provision is gone, and the only remaining limit is the one-year limitation period for penalty claims (Art. 258(2)(1) of the Civil Code). Amounts that used to \u201cburn out\u201d after six months can now be charged for longer.<\/p>\n<p>The second change: under the Civil Code the default rule is that a penalty is punitive \u2014 recovered on top of damages (Art. 624) \u2014 whereas the Commercial Code treated it as set off against them. That directly affects the size of the claim.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<h2>When you need a lawyer and when you do not<\/h2>\n<p>If the counterparty admits the debt and asks for time, a signed payment schedule is enough. If the sum is small, the contract is in writing and the debtor is simply silent, a court order is often sufficient: an inexpensive procedure a company can handle with its own accountant and in-house lawyer.<\/p>\n<p>A lawyer is needed when:<\/p>\n<div class=\"sb-dark\"><ul class=\"sb-rlist\"><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 3l18 18\"\/><path d=\"M10.6 6.2A9.6 9.6 0 0 1 12 6c5 0 9 6 9 6a17 17 0 0 1-3 3.3\"\/><path d=\"M6.6 6.6C4 8.4 3 12 3 12s4 6 9 6a9 9 0 0 0 3.5-.7\"\/><path d=\"M9.9 9.9a3 3 0 0 0 4.2 4.2\"\/><\/svg><span>the debtor is moving assets: transferring property, changing directors, \u201cselling\u201d equipment to a related firm;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v17M5 21h14\"\/><path d=\"M12 7 5 9M12 7l7 2\"\/><path d=\"M5 9 2.5 15h5zM19 11l-2.5 6h5z\"\/><\/svg><span>the sum is significant and the debtor disputes the debt or files a counterclaim;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M20 20l-4-4\"\/><\/svg><span>the case involves a dispute about quality, volume or whether delivery happened, and an expert report is needed;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 3h8l4 4v14H6z\"\/><path d=\"M14 3v4h4M9 12h6M9 16h6\"\/><\/svg><span>there is no contract and the relationship is evidenced only by delivery notes and correspondence;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 3h12M6 21h12\"\/><path d=\"M8 3v3l4 5 4-5V3M8 21v-3l4-5 4 5v3\"\/><\/svg><span>you are unsure about the limitation periods on old debts;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 9l9-5 9 5\"\/><path d=\"M4 9h16v2H4z\"\/><path d=\"M6 11v6M10 11v6M14 11v6M18 11v6\"\/><path d=\"M3 20h18\"\/><\/svg><span>a judgment in your favour has produced no money and enforcement has to be made to work.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h2>Three ways to recover a debt<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sb-path\"><div class=\"sb-path__head\"><h3 class=\"sb-path__title\">A demand letter and negotiations<\/h3><span class=\"sb-chip sb-chip--fast\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M12 7v5l3 2\"\/><\/svg>2\u20134 weeks<\/span><\/div><p>There is no mandatory pre-action procedure in commercial disputes. But a well-drafted demand with a calculation of the penalty, 3 % per annum and inflationary losses often produces voluntary payment: the debtor sees that the sum will only grow and that the legal costs will fall on them. The demand also evidences good faith for any later proceedings.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sb-path__note\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3 2 20h20z\"\/><path d=\"M12 10v5M12 17.6v.4\"\/><\/svg><div>This is the cheapest route, and we start with it where there is no risk of assets being moved.<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sb-path\"><div class=\"sb-path__head\"><h3 class=\"sb-path__title\">A court order: five days and a fee of 332.80 UAH<\/h3><span class=\"sb-chip sb-chip--fast\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M12 7v5l3 2\"\/><\/svg>5 days<\/span><\/div><p>The conditions: the debt arises under a written contract, there is no dispute as to the right, and the sum does not exceed 100 subsistence minimums \u2014 332,800 UAH in 2026 (Art. 148 of the Commercial Procedure Code).<\/p>\n<p>What it gives you:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the court decides the application within five days, with no hearing and without summoning the parties;<\/li>\n<li>the court fee is 0.1 of the subsistence minimum \u2014 332.80 UAH instead of 1.5 % of the sum;<\/li>\n<li>the order is itself an enforcement document, so it goes straight to the bailiff.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"sb-path__note\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3 2 20h20z\"\/><path d=\"M12 10v5M12 17.6v.4\"\/><\/svg><div>There is a limitation: the debtor has 15 days to apply to set the order aside, and the court does so almost automatically. So this route works where the debtor admits the debt and is simply playing for time. If the order is set aside, the fee paid counts towards the court fee on a claim.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/gospodarski-spory-infografika-en.svg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5466\" src=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/gospodarski-spory-infografika-en.svg\" alt=\"Commercial disputes lawyer: principal, penalty, 3 % per annum and inflationary losses (Art. 625 of the Civil Code)\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"sb-path\"><div class=\"sb-path__head\"><h3 class=\"sb-path__title\">A claim in the commercial court<\/h3><span class=\"sb-chip sb-chip--slow\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M12 7v5l3 2\"\/><\/svg>6\u201312 months<\/span><\/div><p>A claim is filed where there is a dispute or the sum exceeds the limit for court orders. The case is heard where the respondent is located (Art. 27 of the Commercial Procedure Code) unless the contract or the law provides otherwise. Before filing, a copy of the claim with its annexes must be sent to the respondent and proof of sending attached (Art. 172): this formality is the commonest reason claims are left without movement.<\/p>\n<p>Cases worth up to 100 subsistence minimums (332,800 UAH) are treated as minor and heard under the simplified procedure, within 60 days of opening (Art. 248). The rest go through the ordinary procedure: preparatory proceedings of up to 60 days (Art. 177) plus 30 days for the hearing on the merits (Art. 195). In practice first instance takes 6\u201312 months.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Limitation periods: why 2026 matters<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sb-stat\"><b>4 September 2025<\/b><span>The general period is three years (Art. 257 of the Civil Code). For penalty and fine claims it is one year (Art. 258). But from 2 April 2020 to 3 September 2025 limitation periods did not run: first because of quarantine, then because of martial law. Law No. 4434-IX ended that pause, and time started running again from that date.<\/span><\/div>\n<p>What that means in practice:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"sb-ilist\"><li><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M12 7v5l3 2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span>a debt arising between April 2020 and September 2025 has the full three years, expiring in September 2028;<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 3h12M6 21h12\"\/><path d=\"M8 3v3l4 5 4-5V3M8 21v-3l4-5 4 5v3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span>for debts predating the quarantine, whatever remained of the period as at April 2020 is added on, so in many cases limitation expires as early as 2026\u20132027;<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3 2 20h20z\"\/><path d=\"M12 10v5M12 17.6v.4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span>penalty and fine claims, with their one-year period, burn out faster still.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<p>A court applies the limitation period only if the respondent raises it, but a debtor\u2019s lawyer almost always does. If old debts are sitting on your balance sheet, the deadlines are worth calculating before any claim is drafted.<\/p>\n<h2>Court fees in 2026<\/h2>\n<p>The subsistence minimum for able-bodied persons as at 1 January 2026 is 3,328 UAH. The court fee is calculated from it.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sb-tablewrap\"><table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Step<\/th>\n<th>Rate<\/th>\n<th>Amount in 2026<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Monetary claim (company, sole trader)<\/td>\n<td>1.5 % of the value of the claim<\/td>\n<td>min. 3,328 UAH, max. 1,164,800 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Non-monetary claim<\/td>\n<td>1 subsistence minimum<\/td>\n<td>3,328 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Application for a court order<\/td>\n<td>0.1 of the subsistence minimum<\/td>\n<td>332.80 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Appeal<\/td>\n<td>150 % of the claim rate<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cassation appeal<\/td>\n<td>200 % of the claim rate<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"sb-calc\" data-rate=\"0.015\" data-min=\"3328\" data-max=\"1164800\" data-ecourt=\"0.8\">\n\t\t<div class=\"sb-calc__head\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect x=\"4\" y=\"3\" width=\"16\" height=\"18\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M8 7h8M8 12h.01M12 12h.01M16 12h.01M8 16h.01M12 16h.01M16 16h.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<h3>Calculate the court fee for a commercial claim<\/h3>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"sb-calc__note\">The rate for a company or sole trader is 1.5 % of the value of the claim. A debt up to 332,800 UAH can be recovered by court order for 332.80 UAH.<\/p>\n\t\t<div class=\"sb-calc__grid\">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<label for=\"svcalc-5873-claim\">Amount of your claim<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sb-calc__in\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input id=\"svcalc-5873-claim\" class=\"sb-calc__claim\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"numeric\" value=\"500 000\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>\u0433\u0440\u043d<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<input class=\"sb-calc__range\" type=\"range\" min=\"50000\" max=\"3000000\" step=\"10000\" value=\"500000\" aria-label=\"Amount of your claim\">\n\t\t\t\t<label class=\"sb-calc__toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"sb-calc__ecourt\"> \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0454\u043c\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u00ab\u0415\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u00bb\n\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sb-calc__out\">\n\t\t\t\t<b class=\"sb-calc__fee\">7 500 \u0433\u0440\u043d<\/b>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sb-calc__hint\">2 % \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0446\u0456\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0443<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<small class=\"sb-calc__disclaimer\">The calculation is indicative. The final fee is determined by the court.<\/small>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>Filing electronically through the Electronic Court applies a coefficient of 0.8 \u2014 20 % cheaper \u2014 and that is how we file everything. If you win, the court fee you paid is recovered from the respondent.<\/p>\n<h2>What a company risks by litigating without a lawyer<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sb-dark\"><ul class=\"sb-rlist\"><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 3l18 18\"\/><path d=\"M10.6 6.2A9.6 9.6 0 0 1 12 6c5 0 9 6 9 6a17 17 0 0 1-3 3.3\"\/><path d=\"M6.6 6.6C4 8.4 3 12 3 12s4 6 9 6a9 9 0 0 0 3.5-.7\"\/><path d=\"M9.9 9.9a3 3 0 0 0 4.2 4.2\"\/><\/svg><span>Assets are moved while the claim is being drafted. The application for interim relief (Art. 136\u2013140 of the Commercial Procedure Code) is filed together with the claim: freezing accounts and assets, banning registration actions. Afterwards there is nothing left to enforce against.<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect x=\"4\" y=\"3\" width=\"16\" height=\"18\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M8 7h8M8 12h.01M12 12h.01M16 12h.01M8 16h.01M12 16h.01M16 16h.01\"\/><\/svg><span>An error in the calculation. The penalty is not worked out at twice the National Bank rate, inflationary losses and 3 % per annum are forgotten, or the opposite \u2014 something the contract does not provide for is charged. The court refuses that part of the claim, and the fee paid on it is not refunded.<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 3h8l4 4v14H6z\"\/><path d=\"M14 3v4h4M9 12h6M9 16h6\"\/><\/svg><span>The claim is left without movement. A copy was not sent to the respondent, proof of sending was not attached, the value of the claim was miscalculated \u2014 a month or two lost.<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 3h12M6 21h12\"\/><path d=\"M8 3v3l4 5 4-5V3M8 21v-3l4-5 4 5v3\"\/><\/svg><span>A missed limitation period: the court never reaches the merits, and the fee is not refunded.<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 9l9-5 9 5\"\/><path d=\"M4 9h16v2H4z\"\/><path d=\"M6 11v6M10 11v6M14 11v6M18 11v6\"\/><path d=\"M3 20h18\"\/><\/svg><span>There is a judgment but no money: enforcement stalls because the debtor \u201chas no assets\u201d. Tracing assets and working with the bailiff is a separate stage, planned before the claim is even filed.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"sb-case\"><div class=\"sb-case__head\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3l8 3v6c0 5-3.5 8-8 9-4.5-1-8-4-8-9V6z\"\/><path d=\"M9 12l2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h2 class=\"sb-case__title\">A case from our practice<\/h2><\/div><p>In 2025 a Kyiv supplier came to us: the buyer had not paid for three consignments of equipment and the debt exceeded a million hryvnias. A week before they approached us, the debtor had re-registered a warehouse in the name of a related party. We calculated the full claim including the penalty, 3 % per annum and inflationary losses, filed through the Electronic Court and simultaneously applied for interim relief. The court froze the accounts and banned registration actions over the property the day after filing. Once the freeze was in place the respondent paid the principal voluntarily and the rest was recovered by judgment; about seven months passed from the first approach to money in the account. (details changed)<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>How we work<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"sb-proc\"><li>Document audit: we check the contract, delivery notes, acts, invoices and correspondence. If the evidence is thin, our first recommendation will be to record the debt in a reconciliation act rather than to file.<\/li><li>Calculating the full claim: principal plus penalty, fine, 3 % per annum and inflationary losses, with limitation checked for each element.<\/li><li>A demand letter and negotiations, where there is a chance of payment without litigation.<\/li><li>Interim relief: freezing accounts and assets where there are signs of assets being moved.<\/li><li>Court order or claim: we choose the procedure by the amount and whether there is a genuine dispute.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/czyvilnyj-advokat\/sudovyj-suprovid\/\">Representation in court<\/a>, including appeal and cassation.<\/li><li>Enforcement: working with the state or private bailiff, tracing the debtor\u2019s accounts and assets, monitoring receipts.<\/li><\/ol>\n<h2>Cost of services<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sb-price\"><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Consultation with a commercial disputes lawyer<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>1,500 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Legal opinion: document audit and prospects of recovery<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>5,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Demand letter, negotiations, pre-action settlement<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>5,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Drafting or auditing a commercial contract<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>5,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Preparation of a claim, an application for a court order, procedural documents<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>5,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Participation in one court hearing<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>3,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Court representation<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>10,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row sb-price__row--hi\"><span>Comprehensive handling of a commercial case<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>30,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Enforcement support<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>3,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Disputes in international commercial arbitration<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>40,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Work without an advance payment (fee paid once the agreed result is achieved)<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>100,000 UAH in dispute<\/b><\/div><\/div>\n<p>The \u201cwork without an advance payment\u201d line means the minimum value of a dispute for which that arrangement is possible: 100,000 UAH. The fee is then paid after the money is actually recovered and is agreed separately. The court fee follows the table above; the advance payment for opening enforcement proceedings and, where needed, a forensic report are paid on top.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"sb-related\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/cziny-poslug\/\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg>Full price list<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/gospodarskyj-spir\/dosudove-vreguliuvannia-sporiv\/\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg>Pre-action settlement of disputes<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<h2>Questions and answers (commercial disputes lawyer)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sb-faq\"><details class=\"sb-faq__item\" open><summary><h3>Can legal costs be recovered from the debtor?<\/h3><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"sb-faq__body\"><p>Yes, professional legal costs fall on the losing party (Art. 126 of the Commercial Procedure Code). You file the engagement agreement, a detailed description of the work, an act of acceptance and proof of payment, and give a preliminary estimate of costs at the start of the case. The court may reduce the amount if it finds it disproportionate to the complexity of the dispute, so we prepare the documents with that requirement in mind from the outset.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"sb-faq__item\"><summary><h3>Insolvency proceedings have been opened against the debtor. Can anything still be recovered?<\/h3><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"sb-faq__body\"><p>Yes, but through a different procedure: monetary claims are filed with the commercial court handling the case within 30 days of the official announcement that proceedings have opened. Missing that deadline means your claims rank after those of the ordinary creditors \u2014 which in practice usually means nothing at all. So problem counterparties are worth monitoring in the register.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"sb-faq__item\"><summary><h3>The counterparty is a sole trader who has ceased trading. Can the debt still be recovered?<\/h3><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"sb-faq__body\"><p>Yes. A sole trader is liable for their obligations with all their property, and deregistration does not cancel the debt. The claim then goes to a general court where the debtor lives, and enforcement is against their personal property and income.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"sb-faq__item\"><summary><h3>The contract was signed by a manager with no power of attorney. Can it still be relied on?<\/h3><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"sb-faq__body\"><p>A transaction concluded by an unauthorised person binds the company if the company approved it (Art. 241 of the Civil Code). Courts treat as approval the acceptance of goods, part payment, signing a reconciliation act, or correspondence in which the party acknowledges the debt. So in such cases we focus first on evidence of actual performance.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"sb-faq__item\"><summary><h3>The counterparty is a foreign company. Where do we litigate?<\/h3><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"sb-faq__body\"><p>It depends on the contract: if there is an arbitration clause, the named arbitral institution hears the dispute and a state court will leave a claim without consideration. Without a clause, the rules of jurisdiction and Ukraine\u2019s international treaties apply. An international arbitral award is recognised and enforced in Ukraine through the courts under the New York Convention, so the wording of the clause is worth checking at the signing stage.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"sb-closing\"><h2>Contact a commercial disputes lawyer at Svarog<\/h2>\n<p>Send us the contract and the documents on the debt: we will calculate the full claim including the penalty, 3 % per annum and inflationary losses, check the limitation periods and choose the procedure \u2014 a demand letter, a court order or a claim. If recovery has no prospects, you will hear that at the consultation, before any court fee is paid.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"sb-meta\"><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M5 4h4l2 5-2.5 1.5a11 11 0 0 0 5 5L15 13l5 2v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2A16 16 0 0 1 3 6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2z\"\/><\/svg><span><a href=\"tel:+380955545424\">+38 095 554-54-24<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 21s-6-5.5-6-11a6 6 0 0 1 12 0c0 5.5-6 11-6 11z\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><span>Kyiv, 7 Khoriva Street (Podil)<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M12 7v5l3 2\"\/><\/svg><span>Mon\u2013Fri 9.00\u201318.00<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 28 August 2025 the Commercial Code of Ukraine ceased to have effect. Relations between companies are now governed by the Civil Code and Law No. 4196-IX. This is not a formality: the six-month cap on charging penalties is gone, the rules on contractual penalties have changed, and many contracts signed \u201cunder the old Commercial [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2784,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/service.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2829","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Commercial litigation lawyer in Kyiv \u2014 commercial litigation support, legal services, fees<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A commercial lawyer can assist businesses in disputes between companies: debts, contracts, claims, lawsuits and representation in the commercial court.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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