{"id":2479,"date":"2026-05-27T06:38:03","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T03:38:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/kryminalne-pravo\/zahyst-na-stadiyi-sudovogo-rozglyadu\/"},"modified":"2026-07-15T14:03:48","modified_gmt":"2026-07-15T11:03:48","slug":"zahyst-na-stadiyi-sudovogo-rozglyadu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/kryminalne-pravo\/zahyst-na-stadiyi-sudovogo-rozglyadu\/","title":{"rendered":"Defence during the trial stage of criminal proceedings"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The court does not \u2018decide the case on its own\u2019. It assesses the evidence submitted by the parties and reaches a decision within the scope of the arguments put forward. A passive defence in court is, in effect, an admission of guilt.<\/p>\n<p>The defence in a criminal trial is built around three strands: <strong>excluding inadmissible evidence<\/strong>, <strong>undermining the prosecution\u2019s case<\/strong> and, if guilt is proven, <strong>securing the minimum sentence<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Each of these areas requires preparation. The prosecution enters the courtroom backed by years of investigative work \u2014 the defence must be at least as well prepared.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"tel:380955545424\">+38 095 554-54-24<\/a> \u2014 legal advice<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Inadmissible evidence: the defence\u2019s main weapon<\/h2>\n<p>Evidence obtained in breach of the law <strong>cannot form the basis of a verdict<\/strong>. And this is no mere formality \u2014 entire cases can fall apart over this.<\/p>\n<p>Typical grounds for declaring evidence inadmissible:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>a search carried out without a warrant<\/strong> from an investigating judge or exceeding the scope of the warrant;<\/li>\n<li><strong>interrogation without a lawyer<\/strong> when their presence was mandatory, or where the defence lawyer was barred from attending;<\/li>\n<li><strong>failure to explain the right<\/strong> not to incriminate oneself;<\/li>\n<li><strong>irregularities during the conduct of an expert examination<\/strong> \u2014 incomplete source data, incompetence of the expert, or breaches of methodology;<\/li>\n<li><strong>evidence obtained as a result of other inadmissible evidence<\/strong> \u2014 the so-called \u2018fruit of the poisonous tree\u2019;<\/li>\n<li><strong>irregularities during identification<\/strong> \u2014 where the victim was effectively \u2018prompted\u2019 as to the identity of the person;<\/li>\n<li><strong>coercion and torture<\/strong> \u2014 anything obtained in this way is unconditionally inadmissible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A motion to have evidence declared inadmissible is filed in court \u2014 and the more thoroughly the violations are documented at the pre-trial stage, the stronger the case appears.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/sud-kryminal-infografika.svg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3974\" src=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/sud-kryminal-infografika.svg\" alt=\"Defence at the trial stage\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Dealing with the prosecution\u2019s evidence<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Witness testimony. <\/strong> Cross-examination is not about \u2018catching someone out in a lie\u2019, but about showing the court any contradictions, the impossibility of seeing what the witness is describing, any bias, or the influence of the investigation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Expert reports.<\/strong> Challenging the conclusion, calling in an expert, applying for a re-examination. It is often at this stage that the case is decided.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Physical evidence.<\/strong> The chain of custody: when it was seized, by whom, how it was stored, and whether its integrity has been compromised.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Testimony given \u2018under pressure\u2019.<\/strong> If a person gave evidence without a solicitor and subsequently retracted it, this is a separate matter.<\/p>\n<h2>Charge classification and sentencing<\/h2>\n<p>Even when the factual circumstances are not disputed, there remain two areas of work.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reclassification<\/strong> \u2014 to a less serious offence or a lesser part of the offence. The difference between the parts of a single offence is often the difference between a custodial sentence and a suspended sentence.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mitigating circumstances<\/strong> (Article 66 of the Criminal Code): sincere remorse, active cooperation in the investigation, voluntary compensation for damage, first-time offence, having dependants, state of health, positive character references.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Imposition of a more lenient sentence than that provided for by law<\/strong> (Article 69 of the Criminal Code) \u2014 possible where several mitigating circumstances are present.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Suspended sentence<\/strong> (Article 75 of the Criminal Code) \u2014 a suspended sentence.<\/p>\n<p>These measures are only effective if supported by documentary evidence: character references, certificates, proof of compensation, and documents relating to family and health.<\/p>\n<h2>A plea agreement<\/h2>\n<p>Sometimes a sensible choice, sometimes a trap.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What it offers:<\/strong> predictability, an agreed sentence, and a swift conclusion to the case.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What are the risks:<\/strong> you <strong>admit guilt<\/strong>, and it is almost impossible to appeal against a sentence reached under a plea bargain. If the prosecution\u2019s evidence is weak, a plea bargain is a gift to the prosecutor.<\/p>\n<p>We only proceed with a plea bargain after a thorough assessment: is the prosecution\u2019s case really strong, and is there a chance of acquittal or reclassification of the charge without it?<\/p>\n<h2>Appeal and cassation<\/h2>\n<p><strong>An appeal<\/strong> must be lodged within <strong>30 days<\/strong> of the verdict being handed down. A missed deadline can only be extended for valid reasons.<\/p>\n<p>The main restriction: <strong>an appeal does not accept new evidence<\/strong> without a valid reason for why it was not submitted earlier. Therefore, \u2018we\u2019ll add it at the appeal\u2019 is a strategy that does not work. Everything that can be submitted must be submitted at first instance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cassation<\/strong> only reviews the correct application of the law \u2014 it does not reassess the facts of the case.<\/p>\n<h2>When a lawyer is not needed<\/h2>\n<p>In criminal court \u2014 never. Representing yourself in a case where the other side is a professional prosecutor ends predictably.<\/p>\n<h2>How we work<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>We analyse the case files<\/strong> \u2014 looking for irregularities that render evidence inadmissible.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We prepare applications<\/strong> for the exclusion of evidence and for the appointment of expert examinations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We prepare for the cross-examination<\/strong> of prosecution witnesses.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We gather documents<\/strong> to mitigate the charges \u2014 character references, certificates, and evidence of restitution.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We assess the plea bargain<\/strong> honestly \u2014 and advise against accepting it if the case against you is weak.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We challenge the verdict<\/strong> on appeal and in cassation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Cost of services<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Service<\/th>\n<th>Price<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Consultation with analysis of case materials<\/td>\n<td>from 1,500 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Legal opinion: assessment of prospects and defence strategy<\/td>\n<td>from 5,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Preparation of applications, appeals and cassation appeals<\/td>\n<td>from 5,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Participation in one court hearing<\/td>\n<td>from 3,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Participation of a solicitor in investigative proceedings<\/td>\n<td>from 15,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Legal representation in court<\/td>\n<td>from 10,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Comprehensive \u2018turnkey\u2019 representation in criminal cases<\/td>\n<td>from 60,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/cziny-poslug\/\">Full price list<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/kryminalne-pravo\/umovno-dostrokove-zvilnennya\/\">Conditional early release<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Questions and answers (Legal defence in criminal proceedings)<\/h2>\n<h3>What is inadmissible evidence?<\/h3>\n<p>Evidence obtained in breach of the law: a search without a warrant, questioning without a solicitor, or irregularities during forensic examination. Such evidence cannot form the basis of a verdict \u2014 and entire cases can collapse as a result.<\/p>\n<h3>Can the findings of an expert examination be challenged?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes \u2014 by applying for a repeat or supplementary expert examination, by calling in a specialist, or by challenging the source data and methodology. In many cases, the expert examination is decisive.<\/p>\n<h3>How long do you have to lodge an appeal?<\/h3>\n<p>30 days from the date the verdict is handed down. A missed deadline may only be extended if there are valid reasons.<\/p>\n<h3>Can new evidence be submitted on appeal?<\/h3>\n<p>As a general rule, no \u2014 you must prove that you were unable to submit it earlier for valid reasons. Therefore, all important evidence should be submitted at first instance.<\/p>\n<h3>Is it worth entering into a plea agreement?<\/h3>\n<p>Only after a fair assessment of the strength of the prosecution\u2019s case. A plea agreement offers predictability, but you are admitting guilt, and it is almost impossible to appeal against such a sentence. If the evidence is weak, the plea bargain benefits the prosecutor, not you.<\/p>\n<h3>What is reclassification?<\/h3>\n<p>Changing the section or subsection to a less serious one. The difference between subsections of the same section often equates to the difference between a custodial and a suspended sentence.<\/p>\n<h3>Is it possible to receive a sentence below the minimum?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, under Article 69 of the Criminal Code \u2014 where there are several mitigating circumstances, the court may impose a sentence that is more lenient than that provided for by law.<\/p>\n<h3>Is it possible to receive a suspended sentence?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, this is a suspension of the sentence with a probationary period (Article 75 of the Criminal Code). However, this requires the relevant documents to be prepared: character references, evidence of restitution, and family documents.<\/p>\n<h3>What documents should I bring to the consultation?<\/h3>\n<p>The indictment, case files (if accessible), records of investigative proceedings, expert reports, and the judgement \u2014 if it has already been handed down.<\/p>\n<h2>Contacting a lawyer at \u2018Svarog\u2019 for legal defence in court<\/h2>\n<p>Send us the indictment \u2014 we will identify any procedural irregularities that render the evidence inadmissible and advise you on what we can realistically aim for: acquittal, reclassification of the offence or the minimum sentence. An honest assessment at the outset is worth more than empty promises.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"tel:380955545424\">+38 095 554-54-24<\/a><\/strong> \u00b7 Kyiv, 7 Khoriva Street (Podil) \u00b7 Mon\u2013Fri 9:00\u201318:00<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The court does not \u2018decide the case on its own\u2019. It assesses the evidence submitted by the parties and reaches a decision within the scope of the arguments put forward. A passive defence in court is, in effect, an admission of guilt. The defence in a criminal trial is built around three strands: excluding inadmissible [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2446,"parent":2405,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/with-sidebar.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2479","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Legal representation during court proceedings \u2014 legal services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Defence at the trial stage: analysis of the indictment, evidence, applications, the defence\u2019s position and representation in court.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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