{"id":2479,"date":"2026-05-27T06:38:03","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T03:38:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/kryminalne-pravo\/zahyst-na-stadiyi-sudovogo-rozglyadu\/"},"modified":"2026-09-14T22:32:47","modified_gmt":"2026-09-14T19:32:47","slug":"zahyst-na-stadiyi-sudovogo-rozglyadu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/kryminalne-pravo\/zahyst-na-stadiyi-sudovogo-rozglyadu\/","title":{"rendered":"Defence during the trial stage of criminal proceedings"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A court does not \u201cwork it out for itself\u201d. It assesses what the parties put before it and gives judgment within the arguments made. A passive stance in the courtroom amounts to agreeing with the indictment.<\/p>\n<p>Defence at trial runs along three lines: excluding inadmissible evidence, dismantling the prosecution case, and, where guilt is proved, working towards the lightest sentence. The prosecutor comes to court with material the investigator spent months collecting, and the only thing that answers it is a case prepared just as thoroughly.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sb-call\"><a class=\"sb-call__link\" href=\"tel:+380955545424\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M5 4h4l2 5-2.5 1.5a11 11 0 0 0 5 5L15 13l5 2v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2A16 16 0 0 1 3 6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2z\"\/><\/svg><span>+38 095 554-54-24<\/span><\/a><span class=\"sb-call__note\">legal consultation<\/span><\/div>\n<h2>Inadmissible evidence and how it is excluded<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sb-stat\"><b>Arts. 86, 87 CPC<\/b><span>Evidence obtained in breach of the law <strong>cannot form the basis of a judgment<\/strong>. More prosecutions collapse on inadmissibility than on anything else, which is why the defence starts there.<\/span><\/div>\n<p>The usual grounds for ruling evidence inadmissible:<\/p>\n<div class=\"sb-dark\"><ul class=\"sb-rlist\"><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 3h8l4 4v14H6z\"\/><path d=\"M14 3v4h4M9 12h6M9 16h6\"\/><\/svg><span><strong>a search without an investigating judge\u2019s order<\/strong>, or going beyond what the order allowed;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"7\" width=\"18\" height=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M9 7V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2\"\/><path d=\"M3 12h18\"\/><\/svg><span><strong>questioning without a lawyer<\/strong> where a lawyer\u2019s presence was mandatory, or where the defence lawyer was kept out;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect x=\"4\" y=\"10\" width=\"16\" height=\"11\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M8 10V7a4 4 0 0 1 8 0v3\"\/><\/svg><span><strong>failure to explain the right<\/strong> not to incriminate oneself;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v17M5 21h14\"\/><path d=\"M12 7 5 9M12 7l7 2\"\/><path d=\"M5 9 2.5 15h5zM19 11l-2.5 6h5z\"\/><\/svg><span><strong>breaches in the expert examination<\/strong> \u2014 incomplete source data, an unqualified expert, departures from the methodology;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3v18\"\/><path d=\"M3 8h5v8H3zM16 8h5v8h-5z\"\/><\/svg><span><strong>evidence derived from other inadmissible evidence<\/strong> \u2014 the \u201cfruit of the poisonous tree\u201d;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 3l18 18\"\/><path d=\"M10.6 6.2A9.6 9.6 0 0 1 12 6c5 0 9 6 9 6a17 17 0 0 1-3 3.3\"\/><path d=\"M6.6 6.6C4 8.4 3 12 3 12s4 6 9 6a9 9 0 0 0 3.5-.7\"\/><path d=\"M9.9 9.9a3 3 0 0 0 4.2 4.2\"\/><\/svg><span><strong>breaches during identification<\/strong> \u2014 where the victim was effectively prompted;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3 2 20h20z\"\/><path d=\"M12 10v5M12 17.6v.4\"\/><\/svg><span><strong>pressure and ill-treatment<\/strong> \u2014 anything so obtained is inadmissible without qualification.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"sb-note sb-note--info\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M12 11v5M12 8v.4\"\/><\/svg><div class=\"sb-note__body\"><p>The application to rule evidence inadmissible is made at trial, and the more carefully the breaches were recorded during the investigation, the stronger it is.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/sud-kryminal-infografika-en.svg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5352\" src=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/sud-kryminal-infografika-en.svg\" alt=\"Defence at the trial stage\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Working on the prosecution evidence<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sb-cards sb-cards--2\"><article class=\"sb-card\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"8\" r=\"3.4\"\/><path d=\"M2.6 20a6.4 6.4 0 0 1 12.8 0\"\/><circle cx=\"17.5\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2.4\"\/><path d=\"M16 14.4A5 5 0 0 1 22 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h3 class=\"sb-card__title\">Witness testimony<\/h3><div class=\"sb-card__body\"><p> The point of cross-examination is to show the court the contradictions in the testimony, the witness\u2019s interest, the influence of the investigation, and the physical impossibility of seeing what they describe.<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"sb-card\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v17M5 21h14\"\/><path d=\"M12 7 5 9M12 7l7 2\"\/><path d=\"M5 9 2.5 15h5zM19 11l-2.5 6h5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h3 class=\"sb-card__title\">Expert reports<\/h3><div class=\"sb-card__body\"><p> Challenging the report, bringing in a specialist, applying for a repeat or supplementary examination: in many cases the expert report decides the outcome.<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"sb-card\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M20 20l-4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h3 class=\"sb-card__title\">Physical evidence<\/h3><div class=\"sb-card__body\"><p> We check the chain of custody: when it was seized, by whom, how it was kept, whether the packaging was intact, and whether the descriptions in the record and in the expert\u2019s report match.<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"sb-card\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3 2 20h20z\"\/><path d=\"M12 10v5M12 17.6v.4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h3 class=\"sb-card__title\">Statements given \u201cunder pressure\u201d<\/h3><div class=\"sb-card__body\"><p> Where someone gave statements without a lawyer and later retracted them, that is a strand of work in itself: a complaint about the officers\u2019 conduct, medical records, data on how long the person was held at the station.<\/p><\/div><\/article><\/div>\n<h2>Classification and sentence<\/h2>\n<p>Even where the facts are not in dispute, two fields of work remain.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sb-cards sb-cards--2\"><article class=\"sb-card\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3v18\"\/><path d=\"M3 8h5v8H3zM16 8h5v8h-5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h3 class=\"sb-card__title\">Reclassification<\/h3><div class=\"sb-card__body\"><p> To a less serious article or paragraph. The difference between paragraphs of the same article is often the difference between a custodial and a suspended sentence.<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"sb-card\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v17M5 21h14\"\/><path d=\"M12 7 5 9M12 7l7 2\"\/><path d=\"M5 9 2.5 15h5zM19 11l-2.5 6h5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h3 class=\"sb-card__title\">Mitigating circumstances<\/h3><div class=\"sb-card__body\"><p> Under Art. 66 CC. The law expressly names sincere remorse, active assistance in solving the offence and voluntary compensation. Other circumstances are for the court: a first offence, dependants, health, character references.<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"sb-card\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M6 13l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h3 class=\"sb-card__title\">A lighter sentence than the law prescribes<\/h3><div class=\"sb-card__body\"><p> Under Art. 69 CC \u2014 where the mitigating circumstances substantially reduce the gravity of what was done and the offender\u2019s character justifies it. Article 69 does not apply to corruption offences or offences connected with corruption.<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"sb-card\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 11 12 3l9 8\"\/><path d=\"M5 10v10h14V10\"\/><path d=\"M10 20v-6h4v6\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h3 class=\"sb-card__title\">A suspended sentence<\/h3><div class=\"sb-card__body\"><p> Under Art. 75 CC. Possible where the court has imposed restriction of liberty or imprisonment for no more than five years.<\/p><\/div><\/article><\/div><div class=\"sb-note sb-note--warn\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3 2 20h20z\"\/><path d=\"M12 10v5M12 17.6v.4\"\/><\/svg><div class=\"sb-note__body\"><p>These tools work only when they are documented: character references, certificates, proof of compensation, papers about family and health.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<h2>A plea agreement<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sb-ways\"><div class=\"sb-way sb-way--up\"><span class=\"sb-way__tag\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 19V5M6 11l6-6 6 6\"\/><\/svg>What it gives<\/span><div class=\"sb-way__body\"><p>Predictability, a sentence agreed with the prosecutor, and a quick end to the case without the evidence being examined.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sb-way sb-way--down\"><span class=\"sb-way__tag\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M6 13l6 6 6-6\"\/><\/svg>What it risks<\/span><div class=\"sb-way__body\"><p>You <strong>admit guilt<\/strong>, and a judgment based on an agreement can be appealed only on a narrow list of grounds (Art. 394 CPC). Before approving it the court checks that the agreement was voluntary, so arguing pressure or misunderstanding afterwards is pointless.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>We take on an agreement only after assessing the strength of the prosecution case: whether the evidence gathered would survive examination at trial, and whether there is a chance of acquittal or reclassification without one. Where the evidence is weak, an agreement closes the case in the prosecutor\u2019s favour.<\/p>\n<h2>Appeal and cassation<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sb-path\"><p>An <strong>appeal<\/strong> against a judgment is filed within <strong>30 days<\/strong> of its pronouncement, and against a court ruling within 7 days (Art. 395 CPC). A missed deadline is restored only for valid reasons.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sb-path__note\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3 2 20h20z\"\/><path d=\"M12 10v5M12 17.6v.4\"\/><\/svg><div>The main constraint: <strong>the appeal court does not take new evidence<\/strong> without an explanation of why it was not produced earlier (Art. 404(3) CPC). So the plan to \u201cmake it up on appeal\u201d does not work, and everything that can be filed is filed at first instance.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p><strong>Cassation<\/strong> reviews only the correct application of the law and material procedural breaches; it does not reassess the facts (Art. 433 CPC).<\/p>\n<h2>Typical mistakes before the first hearing<\/h2>\n<p>The costliest is skipping the <a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/kryminalne-pravo\/oznajomlennya-z-kryminalnoyu-spravoyu\/\">inspection of the case file<\/a> once the prosecution discloses it: whatever is not studied before the preparatory hearing has to be caught up on during the trial. The second is failing to record breaches during the investigation: complaints, objections noted on the records and timely applications become the basis for excluding evidence, whereas recollections of breaches do not. Trying to \u201ccome to an arrangement\u201d with the investigator or the victim without a lawyer also does damage: what counts at sentencing is documented compensation.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sb-case\"><div class=\"sb-case__head\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3l8 3v6c0 5-3.5 8-8 9-4.5-1-8-4-8-9V6z\"\/><path d=\"M9 12l2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h2 class=\"sb-case__title\">A case from our practice<\/h2><\/div><p>In 2024 a man came to us charged with theft from business premises. The main evidence was the items seized during a search, together with his own statements given at night without a defence lawyer. The investigating judge\u2019s order, it turned out, authorised the search of different premises, and the record bore no attesting witnesses\u2019 signatures on the page listing what was seized. The court questioned the attesting witnesses and excluded the record; the prosecution was left with statements the client had retracted, and the case ended in an acquittal eleven months later. The defence work cost about 60,000 UAH. (details changed)<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>How we work<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"sb-proc\"><li><strong>We analyse the file<\/strong> and look for the breaches that make evidence inadmissible.<\/li><li><strong>We prepare applications<\/strong> on inadmissibility and for expert examinations.<\/li><li><strong>We prepare the cross-examination<\/strong> of the prosecution witnesses.<\/li><li><strong>We gather the mitigation documents<\/strong> \u2014 references, certificates, proof of compensation.<\/li><li><strong>We assess any agreement<\/strong> and advise against it where the prosecution case is weak.<\/li><li><strong>We appeal the judgment<\/strong> to the appellate and cassation courts.<\/li><\/ol>\n<h2>Cost of services<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sb-price\"><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Consultation with a review of the case file<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>1,500 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Legal opinion: the prospects and the defence strategy<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>5,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Preparation of applications and of appeals to the appellate and cassation courts<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>5,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Participation in one court hearing<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>3,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Lawyer\u2019s attendance at investigative actions<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>15,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Court representation<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>10,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row sb-price__row--hi\"><span>Comprehensive defence in a criminal case<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>60,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><\/div>\n<p><strong>Court fees (2026):<\/strong> in criminal proceedings complaints, applications and the civil claim are filed free of charge (Art. 128 CPC). A fee arises only if the compensation claim has to be brought separately as a civil action: 1 % of the value of the claim, from 1,331.20 to 16,640 UAH for an individual, multiplied by 0.8 when filed through the Electronic Court.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"sb-related\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/cziny-poslug\/\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg>Full price list<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/kryminalne-pravo\/umovno-dostrokove-zvilnennya\/\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg>Parole<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<h2>Questions and answers (defence at trial in a criminal case)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sb-faq\"><details class=\"sb-faq__item\" open><summary><h3>How long does a criminal trial take?<\/h3><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"sb-faq__body\"><p>From a few months to a few years: it depends on the number of witnesses, the need for expert reports and the court\u2019s workload, and every non-appearance by a witness or the prosecutor puts the hearing off. We give a realistic estimate for your case after reading the indictment and the witness list.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"sb-faq__item\"><summary><h3>What happens if I do not attend a hearing?<\/h3><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"sb-faq__body\"><p>The court can have you brought in by the police, impose a financial penalty, and change an accused person\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/kryminalne-pravo\/skasuvannya-abo-zmina-zapobizhnogo-zahodu-v-sudi\/\">preventive measure<\/a> to a stricter one. If you cannot travel because of illness or work, the defence lawyer files the documents in advance with an application to adjourn or to appear by video link.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"sb-faq__item\"><summary><h3>Can I change defence lawyer in the middle of the trial?<\/h3><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"sb-faq__body\"><p>Yes, the right to choose your defence lawyer applies at any stage. The new lawyer files a warrant and asks for time to study the file, and the court grants it, since otherwise the right to a defence is infringed.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"sb-faq__item\"><summary><h3>Can the court close the case on limitation grounds?<\/h3><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"sb-faq__body\"><p>Yes, if the periods in Art. 49 CC have expired and the accused does not object. They run from the day of the offence until the judgment takes legal effect and are suspended if the person evaded the investigation. It is a non-exonerating ground, so you may instead press for the case to be heard on the merits and for an acquittal.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"sb-faq__item\"><summary><h3>When does the defence get access to the whole file?<\/h3><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"sb-faq__body\"><p>After the <a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/kryminalne-pravo\/zahyst-na-stadiyi-dosudovogo-rozsliduvannya\/\">pre-trial investigation<\/a> ends, when the prosecutor discloses the material to the defence (Art. 290 CPC). Material not disclosed at that stage cannot be admitted in evidence, so that is when we record what is missing from the case.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"sb-closing\"><h2>Contact Svarog about defence at trial<\/h2>\n<p>Send us the indictment. We will find the breaches that make the evidence inadmissible and tell you what can realistically be fought for: an acquittal, reclassification, or the lightest sentence.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"sb-meta\"><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M5 4h4l2 5-2.5 1.5a11 11 0 0 0 5 5L15 13l5 2v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2A16 16 0 0 1 3 6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2z\"\/><\/svg><span><a href=\"tel:+380955545424\">+38 095 554-54-24<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 21s-6-5.5-6-11a6 6 0 0 1 12 0c0 5.5-6 11-6 11z\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><span>Kyiv, 7 Khoriva Street (Podil)<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M12 7v5l3 2\"\/><\/svg><span>Mon\u2013Fri 9.00\u201318.00<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A court does not \u201cwork it out for itself\u201d. It assesses what the parties put before it and gives judgment within the arguments made. A passive stance in the courtroom amounts to agreeing with the indictment. Defence at trial runs along three lines: excluding inadmissible evidence, dismantling the prosecution case, and, where guilt is proved, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2446,"parent":2405,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/service.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2479","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Legal representation during court proceedings \u2014 legal services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Defence at the trial stage: analysis of the indictment, evidence, applications, the defence\u2019s position and representation in court.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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