{"id":2401,"date":"2026-05-27T06:37:31","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T03:37:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/zahyst-pry-obshuku-ta-dopyti\/"},"modified":"2026-07-15T13:24:33","modified_gmt":"2026-07-15T10:24:33","slug":"zahyst-pry-obshuku-ta-dopyti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/kryminalne-pravo\/zahyst-pry-obshuku-ta-dopyti\/","title":{"rendered":"Protection during searches and questioning"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A search of a person\u2019s home or other premises may be carried out <strong>only pursuant to a ruling by an investigating judge<\/strong> (Article 234 of the Code of Criminal Procedure). An exception is made for urgent cases (Article 233 of the Code of Criminal Procedure), but even then the investigator is obliged <strong>to apply to the court without delay<\/strong> for subsequent authorisation, and if the court does not grant it, all evidence obtained becomes <strong>inadmissible<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The second thing you need to know is that <strong>the investigator has no right to prevent a lawyer from being present<\/strong> during a search. This is expressly provided for by law. Delaying the start of the search until the lawyer arrives is your right, not \u2018obstruction of the investigation\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>A lawyer is needed during a search precisely because most violations occur in the first few minutes \u2014 when people are flustered and do not know what to demand.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"tel:380955545424\">+38 095 554-54-24<\/a> \u2014 legal advice<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>What to do when officers arrive to carry out a search<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Demand to see the investigating judge\u2019s warrant<\/strong> and a copy of it. Check: the address, the property in question, exactly what they are looking for, and the warrant\u2019s validity period.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Check the official identification documents<\/strong> of everyone present and note down their surnames and positions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Telephone your solicitor immediately<\/strong> \u2014 and demand that the search does not begin until they arrive.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Do not offer physical resistance<\/strong> \u2014 this constitutes a separate criminal offence.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Do not provide any explanations<\/strong> \u2014 neither verbally nor in writing. You have the right to remain silent.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Monitor the video recording<\/strong> \u2014 a search of a home must <strong>be recorded on video<\/strong>. Failure to record it constitutes a serious breach.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Demand the presence of witnesses<\/strong> if no video recording is being made.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Record everything yourself<\/strong> \u2014 this is not prohibited by law.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Read the report carefully<\/strong> and <strong>make comments<\/strong>. Do not sign \u2018as is\u2019 if anything was not done correctly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obtaining a copy of the report<\/strong> is your right.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/obshuk-infografika.svg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3921\" src=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/obshuk-infografika.svg\" alt=\"A lawyer during a search: what to demand, and which violations render evidence inadmissible\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Violations that render evidence inadmissible<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>no warrant<\/strong> from the investigating judge authorising a search of the premises;<\/li>\n<li><strong>the search exceeded the scope of the warrant<\/strong> \u2014 they were looking for items not specified in it, or searched the wrong premises;<\/li>\n<li><strong>a lawyer was not allowed to be present<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<li><strong>no video recording was made<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<li><strong>a copy of the warrant<\/strong> was not provided before the search began;<\/li>\n<li><strong>seized property not specified<\/strong> in the warrant and unrelated to the proceedings \u2014 a common violation when seizing electronic devices, mobile phones and business documents;<\/li>\n<li><strong>failed to provide a copy of the report<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<li><strong>force was used<\/strong> without lawful grounds.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Every violation is recorded \u2014 and subsequently forms the basis for a motion to have the evidence declared inadmissible. Without a lawyer present, it is almost impossible to document these violations: it is the victim\u2019s word against that of the investigator.<\/p>\n<h2>Return of seized property<\/h2>\n<p>This is a separate and very practical area. Often, during a search, items are seized that have absolutely no connection to the case: family members\u2019 mobile phones, computers, company documents, cash and electronic devices.<\/p>\n<p>The procedure for recovery:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>a motion to the investigating officer<\/strong> for the return of temporarily seized property;<\/li>\n<li><strong>a motion to the investigating judge<\/strong> \u2014 if the investigating officer fails to respond or refuses;<\/li>\n<li><strong>an appeal against the seizure of property<\/strong>, if it has already been imposed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Temporarily seized property which, within the prescribed period <strong>, has not been subject to a court-ordered seizure<\/strong>, is subject to <strong>return<\/strong>. This is often \u2018overlooked\u2019, and the property remains with the investigator for years.<\/p>\n<h2>Interrogation: key rules<\/h2>\n<p><strong>You have the right to remain silent<\/strong> \u2014 no one is obliged to testify against themselves or their relatives (Article 63 of the Constitution). Refusal to give evidence <strong>does not constitute proof of guilt<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The right to a lawyer<\/strong> applies during any questioning \u2014 whether as a suspect or as a witness.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Be careful with witness status.<\/strong> It is common practice to question as a witness someone who is, in fact, already a suspect. A witness is obliged to give evidence and is liable for refusing to do so \u2014 unlike a suspect. This is a way of circumventing your rights, and a lawyer will recognise it immediately.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Read the transcript<\/strong> before signing. The investigator\u2019s wording often differs from what you actually said. Make notes of any discrepancies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Do not \u2018make a deal\u2019.<\/strong> Promises such as \u2018give evidence and you\u2019ll be a witness\u2019 have no legal force.<\/p>\n<h2>Search of business premises<\/h2>\n<p>A specific situation where the cost of a mistake is the shutdown of the business.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to the general rules: check the scope of the warrant; do not allow the seizure of servers and documentation not related to the case; demand that data be copied rather than equipment seized; ensure the presence of a solicitor and a company director.<\/p>\n<p>We attend the search at the office \u2014 and it is the very presence of a solicitor that most often prevents the seizure of \u2018everything and anything\u2019.<\/p>\n<h2>When a solicitor is not needed<\/h2>\n<p>If you are being searched \u2014 you always need a solicitor. This is not a situation where you can \u2018sort it out yourself\u2019: anything not recorded at the time of the search cannot be proven later.<\/p>\n<h2>How we work<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>We set off immediately<\/strong> \u2014 to your home or office.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We check the warrant<\/strong> and the scope of the investigators\u2019 powers.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We document any breaches<\/strong> \u2014 in writing, in the report, with comments.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We prevent the seizure of unnecessary items<\/strong> \u2014 anything not specified in the warrant.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We prepare a motion<\/strong> to have the evidence declared inadmissible.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We recover the seized property<\/strong> \u2014 through the investigator or the investigating judge. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Cost of services<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Service<\/th>\n<th>Price<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Consultation<\/td>\n<td>from 1,500 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Legal opinion: analysis of the ruling and strategy<\/td>\n<td>from 5,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lawyer\u2019s participation in investigative proceedings (search, questioning)<\/td>\n<td>from 15,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Drafting of applications, appeals and procedural documents<\/td>\n<td>from 5,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Participation in one court hearing<\/td>\n<td>from 3,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Legal representation in court<\/td>\n<td>from 10,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Comprehensive \u2018turnkey\u2019 representation in criminal cases<\/td>\n<td>from 60,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/cziny-poslug\/\">Full price list<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/kryminalne-pravo\/povernennya-vyluchenogo-majna\/\">Return of seized property<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Questions and answers (Lawyer present during a search)<\/h2>\n<h3>Can a property be searched without a court order?<\/h3>\n<p>As a general rule, no. The exception is in urgent cases, but in such instances the investigator is obliged to apply to the court immediately for authorisation. If the court does not grant it, all evidence obtained will be inadmissible.<\/p>\n<h3>Can a lawyer be barred from attending a search?<\/h3>\n<p>No. The investigator has no right to prevent a lawyer from being present. Delaying the start of the search until the lawyer arrives is your legal right.<\/p>\n<h3>Is video recording of a search mandatory?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, a search of a home must be recorded on video. The absence of a recording constitutes a serious breach, which calls into question the admissibility of the evidence obtained.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I film the search on my mobile phone?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, this is not prohibited by law. Your recording may serve as evidence of any violations.<\/p>\n<h3>What should I do if items not listed in the court order are seized?<\/h3>\n<p>Record this in your comments on the search report and submit a motion for their return. Any property not seized by the court within the prescribed time limit must be returned.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I refuse to give evidence during questioning?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes. No one is obliged to testify against themselves or their relatives. Refusal does not constitute evidence of guilt.<\/p>\n<h3>I have been summoned as a witness. Do I need a solicitor?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes. Often, someone who is in fact already a suspect is questioned as a witness \u2014 in order to deprive them of their rights as a suspect. A witness is obliged to give evidence, whereas a suspect is not.<\/p>\n<h3>What should I do if a search is being carried out at my workplace?<\/h3>\n<p>Call a solicitor, check the scope of the search warrant, and demand that data be copied rather than servers and equipment being seized. The presence of a solicitor usually prevents the seizure of \u2018everything in sight\u2019.<\/p>\n<h3>What should you bring to the consultation?<\/h3>\n<p>A copy of the search warrant, the search report, a list of seized property, and a summons for questioning, if applicable.<\/p>\n<h2>Contacting a solicitor regarding a search at the company \u2018Svarog\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>Call as soon as they arrive \u2014 not afterwards. Insist that the search does not begin until the solicitor arrives: this is your right. Anything not recorded during the search cannot be proven later.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"tel:380955545424\">+38 095 554-54-24<\/a><\/strong> \u00b7 Kyiv, 7 Khoriva Street (Podil) \u00b7 Mon\u2013Fri 9.00\u201318.00<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A search of a person\u2019s home or other premises may be carried out only pursuant to a ruling by an investigating judge (Article 234 of the Code of Criminal Procedure). An exception is made for urgent cases (Article 233 of the Code of Criminal Procedure), but even then the investigator is obliged to apply to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2391,"parent":2405,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/with-sidebar.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2401","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A solicitor for a search, defence during a search and questioning \u2014 rights, court order, solicitor, fees<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A search of a home may only be carried out pursuant to a warrant issued by an investigating judge. The authorities are not permitted to refuse a lawyer access. Video recording is mandatory. 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