{"id":2305,"date":"2026-05-27T06:35:38","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T03:35:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/advokat-po-kredytam\/styagnennya-borgu-za-rozpyskoyu\/"},"modified":"2026-07-15T11:52:26","modified_gmt":"2026-07-15T08:52:26","slug":"styagnennya-borgu-za-rozpyskoyu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/advokat-po-kredytam\/styagnennya-borgu-za-rozpyskoyu\/","title":{"rendered":"Debt recovery under a promissory note"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A receipt is not just a \u2018piece of paper\u2019, but a fully-fledged loan agreement (Articles 1046\u20131047 of the Civil Code). For the court, it is sufficient for it to contain: <strong>the parties\u2019 details<\/strong>, <strong>the amount<\/strong>, <strong>proof that the funds were transferred<\/strong>, and <strong>the borrower\u2019s signature<\/strong>. Notarisation is not required, nor are witnesses.<\/p>\n<p>The problem is almost never one of evidence. The problem is time: people wait for years \u2018so as not to spoil relations\u2019, and only come forward when the limitation period has expired or the debtor no longer has any assets.<\/p>\n<p>Recovering a debt under a promissory note involves more than just the principal amount of the loan. The law allows you to claim <strong>3 per cent per annum and inflation-related losses<\/strong> for the entire period of default (Article 625 of the Civil Code) \u2014 even if the promissory note makes no mention of them.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"tel:380955545424\">+38 095 554-54-24<\/a> \u2014 legal advice<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>What must be included in the promissory note<\/h2>\n<p>The minimum requirements for the court to recognise the debt:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>who lent and who received<\/strong> \u2014 full name, passport details, tax identification number, addresses;<\/li>\n<li><strong>the amount<\/strong> \u2014 in figures and words;<\/li>\n<li><strong>proof of transfer of funds<\/strong> \u2014 the wording \u2018received\u2019, not \u2018I undertake to accept\u2019;<\/li>\n<li><strong>date of issue<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<li><strong>borrower\u2019s signature<\/strong> \u2014 in their own handwriting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Preferred but not mandatory: repayment date, interest rate, penalties for late payment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The most common fatal mistake<\/strong> \u2014 wording that does not make it clear that the money <strong>has actually been transferred<\/strong>. A receipt stating \u2018I undertake to repay\u2019 without the word \u2018received\u2019 gives the debtor scope to claim that they never saw the funds.<\/p>\n<p><strong>If there is no repayment deadline in the receipt<\/strong> \u2014 the debt must be repaid within 30 days of the claim being made. Therefore, the first step is a written demand \u2014 and it is from this that the 30-day period begins.<\/p>\n<h2>What can be recovered<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>The principal amount of the debt<\/strong> \u2014 the sum stated in the receipt.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interest on the use of funds.<\/strong> If the promissory note makes no mention of this, and the amount exceeds 100 non-taxable minimum incomes, interest is calculated at the NBU\u2019s base rate (Article 1048 of the Civil Code).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Penalty interest<\/strong> \u2014 if provided for; if not \u2014 twice the NBU discount rate (Article 549(3) of the Civil Code).<\/li>\n<li><strong>3 per cent per annum and inflation losses<\/strong> (Article 625 of the Civil Code) \u2014 for the entire period of default, regardless of the terms of the receipt.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Legal costs<\/strong> \u2014 court fees and lawyers\u2019 fees are recoverable from the debtor if the claim is successful.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>For large sums and several years of arrears, points 2\u20134 significantly alter the final figure. These must be calculated <strong>before<\/strong> filing the claim: it is more difficult to increase the claim afterwards.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/rozpyska-infografika.svg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3831 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/rozpyska-infografika.svg\" alt=\"Debt recovery under a promissory note: what must be included in the note and what can be recovered in addition to the principal\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Two ways to recover a debt<\/h2>\n<h3>Court order \u2014 5 days<\/h3>\n<p>The quickest route, which most people are unaware of. Conditions: the debt is confirmed by <strong>a written instrument<\/strong> (a promissory note is acceptable), there is no dispute as to the right, and the amount <strong>does not exceed 100 subsistence minimums<\/strong> \u2014 in 2026, this is <strong>332,800 UAH<\/strong> (Article 161 of the Code of Civil Procedure).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>consideration \u2014 <strong>5 days<\/strong>, without a hearing and without summoning the parties;<\/li>\n<li>court fee \u2014 <strong>332.80 UAH<\/strong> instead of 1% of the amount;<\/li>\n<li>the order is immediately an <strong>enforceable document<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To be fair, there is a limitation: the debtor has <strong>15 days<\/strong> to file an application to set aside the order, and the court sets it aside almost automatically. Therefore, the order is effective where the debtor does not dispute the debt but is simply stalling for time. If the order is set aside, the fee paid is credited towards the court fee for the claim.<\/p>\n<h3>Claim<\/h3>\n<p>When the debtor disputes the debt, claims they \u2018signed under duress\u2019, or the amount exceeds the limit for summary proceedings. The processing time is 2\u20136 months.<br \/>\nCourt fee \u2014 <strong>1 per cent of the claim value<\/strong> (from 1,331.20 to 16,640 UAH for individuals in 2026).<\/p>\n<h2>Typical objections raised by debtors \u2014 and how to deal with them<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u2018I signed the receipt under duress\u2019. <\/strong> It is up to the debtor to prove that pressure was exerted. A mere verbal claim will not be accepted by the court; reports to the police, witnesses and expert evidence are required.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cI didn\u2019t receive any money; it\u2019s just a formality.\u201d<\/strong> Here, the wording of the IOU is decisive. The word \u201creceived\u201d settles the matter; its absence is the main vulnerability.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cI\u2019ve already paid it all back.\u201d<\/strong> It is up to the debtor to prove repayment \u2014 via the creditor\u2019s receipt or bank statements. Verbal assertions are not sufficient.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cThat\u2019s not my signature.\u201d<\/strong> A handwriting analysis will be ordered. If the signature is genuine, the costs of the analysis are borne by the debtor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201cThe limitation period has expired.\u201d<\/strong> The most dangerous defence. However, partial repayment of the debt or a written acknowledgement <strong>interrupts<\/strong> the limitation period, and the clock starts running again.<\/p>\n<h2>Limitation period: why 2026 is critical<\/h2>\n<p>The general limitation period is <strong>3 years<\/strong> (Article 257 of the Civil Code). However, from 2 April 2020 to 3 September 2025, the limitation period <strong>did not expire<\/strong> \u2014 initially due to lockdown, then due to martial law. Law No. 4434-IX abolished this suspension, and from <strong>4 September 2025<\/strong> the clock started ticking again.<\/p>\n<p>Practical conclusion: old IOUs from 2018\u20132021 now have a deadline again, and for some of them, this deadline <strong>falls as early as 2026\u20132027<\/strong>. If you have such an IOU, it is worth calculating the time limit now.<\/p>\n<h2>When you don\u2019t need a solicitor<\/h2>\n<p>The debt is small, the receipt is in order, the debtor does not dispute it, and there is official income \u2014 file an application for a court order yourself. It costs 332.80 UAH and takes 5 days. That\u2019s what we\u2019ll say.<\/p>\n<p>You need a solicitor when:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the debtor <strong>disputes<\/strong> the debt or the signature;<\/li>\n<li>the IOU <strong>contains errors<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<li>there is no IOU <strong>at all<\/strong> \u2014 there are only bank transfers and correspondence;<\/li>\n<li>the amount <strong>is substantial<\/strong>, and a calculation error would be costly;<\/li>\n<li><strong>the limitation period<\/strong> is about to expire or it is unclear from when to count it;<\/li>\n<li>the debtor <strong>is transferring assets<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<li>the order <strong>has been revoked<\/strong>, and a claim must be filed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>How we work<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>We analyse the receipt<\/strong> \u2014 will it stand up in court, and what are its weaknesses?<\/li>\n<li><strong>We calculate the total amount<\/strong> \u2014 debt, interest, penalty, 3 per cent per annum, and inflation adjustments.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We check the limitation period<\/strong> \u2014 for each amount separately.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We check the debtor\u2019s assets<\/strong> \u2014 to see if there is anything from which to recover the debt. If not, we will inform you of this before filing a claim.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We select the procedure<\/strong> \u2014 a court order, a lawsuit or a claim.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We handle enforcement proceedings<\/strong> \u2014 seizure of accounts and assets, restrictions on travelling abroad.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Cost of services<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Service<\/th>\n<th>Price<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Consultation with analysis of the receipt<\/td>\n<td>from 1,500 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Legal opinion: calculation of the claim and prospects<\/td>\n<td>from 5,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Claim, negotiations, pre-litigation settlement<\/td>\n<td>from 5,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Application for a court order or statement of claim<\/td>\n<td>from 5,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Attendance at one court hearing<\/td>\n<td>from 3,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Legal representation in court<\/td>\n<td>from 10,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Comprehensive \u2018turnkey\u2019 civil case support<\/td>\n<td>from 25,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Support during enforcement proceedings<\/td>\n<td>from 3,000 UAH<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Court fees (2026):<\/strong> 332.80 UAH \u2014 application for a court order; 1% of the claim value (from 1,331.20 to 16,640 UAH) \u2014 statement of claim. Filing via the \u2018Electronic Court\u2019 system \u2014 20% discount.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/cziny-poslug\/\">Full price list<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/advokat-po-kredytam\/styagnennya-borgu\/\">Debt recovery<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Questions and answers (Debt recovery based on a promissory note)<\/h2>\n<h3>Is a promissory note legally valid without a notary?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes. A promissory note is a loan agreement (Articles 1046\u20131047 of the Civil Code). Notarisation and witnesses are not required. The main thing is that the text clearly indicates that funds have been transferred.<\/p>\n<h3>What should I do if the promissory note does not specify a repayment date?<\/h3>\n<p>The debt must be repaid within 30 days of the date on which a written demand is served. Therefore, the first step is to issue the demand \u2014 the 30-day period begins from that date.<\/p>\n<h3>How much does it cost to recover a debt under a promissory note?<\/h3>\n<p>Application for a court order \u2014 332.80 UAH. Claim \u2014 1% of the claim value (from 1,331.20 to 16,640 UAH for individuals in 2026). If the case is won, the fee is recovered from the debtor.<\/p>\n<h3>Which is quicker \u2014 a court order or a claim?<\/h3>\n<p>Court order: 5 days, inexpensive, and immediately enforceable. However, the debtor can have it set aside within 15 days. A claim takes longer (2\u20136 months), but the outcome is more secure.<\/p>\n<h3>The debtor claims they signed the IOU under duress. What should you do?<\/h3>\n<p>It is up to them, not you, to prove the duress. The court does not accept unsubstantiated claims \u2014 you will need to report the matter to the police, provide witnesses and obtain an expert report.<\/p>\n<h3>How long is a promissory note valid for?<\/h3>\n<p>The limitation period is 3 years. However, the clock was paused from 2 April 2020 to 3 September 2025, and resumed on 4 September 2025. A partial repayment of the debt interrupts the limitation period \u2014 it starts running again from scratch.<\/p>\n<h3>Can a debt be recovered if there is no receipt?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, if there are bank transfers with a payment reference, correspondence (including via messaging apps), witnesses or partial repayments. However, a court order is not available in such cases \u2013 only a claim.<\/p>\n<h3>I\u2019ve won the case, but the debtor isn\u2019t paying. What next?<\/h3>\n<p>Enforcement proceedings: tracing bank accounts and assets, seizure, and a temporary restriction on travelling abroad. In practice, the latter is one of the most effective measures.<\/p>\n<h3>What documents should I bring to the consultation?<\/h3>\n<p>The original promissory note, evidence of the transfer of funds (bank statements, receipts), correspondence with the debtor, documents regarding partial repayments, and anything you know about their assets.<\/p>\n<h2>Contact a solicitor regarding debt recovery under a promissory note with the firm \u2018Svarog\u2019<\/h2>\n<p>Send us a photo of the IOU \u2014 we\u2019ll tell you whether it will stand up in court, calculate the total amount including interest (3 per cent per annum plus inflation), check the limitation period and select the appropriate procedure. And we\u2019ll be honest with you: if there\u2019s nothing to recover from the debtor, it\u2019s better to hear this before paying the court fee.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"tel:380955545424\">+38 095 554-54-24<\/a><\/strong> \u00b7 Kyiv, 7 Khoriva Street (Podil) \u00b7 Mon\u2013Fri 9:00\u201318:00<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A receipt is not just a \u2018piece of paper\u2019, but a fully-fledged loan agreement (Articles 1046\u20131047 of the Civil Code). For the court, it is sufficient for it to contain: the parties\u2019 details, the amount, proof that the funds were transferred, and the borrower\u2019s signature. Notarisation is not required, nor are witnesses. The problem is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2269,"parent":2301,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/with-sidebar.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2305","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Debt recovery under a promissory note \u2014 solicitor, court order, claim, fees<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A promissory note is a loan agreement. A court order within 5 days and 332.80 UAH, or legal proceedings. 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A court order within 5 days and 332.80 UAH, or legal proceedings. We will recover the debt, interest, 3 per cent per annum and inflation-related charges.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/advokat-po-kredytam\/styagnennya-borgu-za-rozpyskoyu\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Debt recovery under a promissory note \u2014 solicitor, court order, claim, fees","og_description":"A promissory note is a loan agreement. A court order within 5 days and 332.80 UAH, or legal proceedings. 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