{"id":2305,"date":"2026-05-27T06:35:38","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T03:35:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/advokat-po-kredytam\/styagnennya-borgu-za-rozpyskoyu\/"},"modified":"2026-09-14T23:00:55","modified_gmt":"2026-09-14T20:00:55","slug":"styagnennya-borgu-za-rozpyskoyu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/advokat-po-kredytam\/styagnennya-borgu-za-rozpyskoyu\/","title":{"rendered":"Debt recovery under a promissory note"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A handwritten IOU is not \u201ca scrap of paper\u201d but a full loan contract (Arts. 1046\u20131047 CC). A court will uphold the debt if the text shows <strong>who the parties are<\/strong>, <strong>the amount<\/strong>, <strong>that the money was handed over<\/strong>, and bears the <strong>borrower\u2019s signature<\/strong>. Notarisation is not required, and neither are witnesses.<\/p>\n<p>The difficulties usually lie not in the evidence but in the deadlines: people wait for years \u201cso as not to spoil the relationship\u201d, and come when the limitation period is running out or the borrower has nothing left.<\/p>\n<p>Recovering on an IOU covers more than the principal. The law allows you to claim <strong>3 % a year plus inflation losses<\/strong> for the whole period of default (Art. 625 CC), even if the note says nothing about them.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sb-call\"><a class=\"sb-call__link\" href=\"tel:+380955545424\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M5 4h4l2 5-2.5 1.5a11 11 0 0 0 5 5L15 13l5 2v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2A16 16 0 0 1 3 6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2z\"\/><\/svg><span>+38 095 554-54-24<\/span><\/a><span class=\"sb-call__note\">legal consultation<\/span><\/div>\n<h2>What the court looks for in the note<\/h2>\n<p>The minimum on which a court will uphold the debt:<\/p>\n<div class=\"sb-panel sb-panel--dark\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sb-panel__head\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 3h8l4 4v14H6z\"\/><path d=\"M14 3v4h4M9 12h6M9 16h6\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"sb-panel__title\">The essential details<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul class=\"sb-plist\"><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"8\" r=\"3.4\"\/><path d=\"M2.6 20a6.4 6.4 0 0 1 12.8 0\"\/><circle cx=\"17.5\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2.4\"\/><path d=\"M16 14.4A5 5 0 0 1 22 19\"\/><\/svg><span><strong>who lent and who received<\/strong>: full names, ID details, tax numbers, addresses;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 3h12v18l-2-1.5L14 21l-2-1.5L10 21l-2-1.5L6 21z\"\/><path d=\"M9 8h6M9 12h6M9 16h4\"\/><\/svg><span><strong>the amount<\/strong> in figures and in words;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 9l9-5 9 5\"\/><path d=\"M4 9h16v2H4z\"\/><path d=\"M6 11v6M10 11v6M14 11v6M18 11v6\"\/><path d=\"M3 20h18\"\/><\/svg><span><strong>that the money was handed over<\/strong>: the wording \u201creceived\u201d, not \u201cundertake to take\u201d;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M12 7v5l3 2\"\/><\/svg><span><strong>the date<\/strong> it was written;<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M5 12l4 4L19 7\"\/><\/svg><span><strong>the borrower\u2019s signature<\/strong>, in their own hand.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Desirable but not essential: the repayment date, the rate of interest, penalties for default.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sb-note sb-note--warn\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3 2 20h20z\"\/><path d=\"M12 10v5M12 17.6v.4\"\/><\/svg><div class=\"sb-note__body\"><p><strong>The commonest fatal mistake<\/strong> is wording that does not show the money was <strong>actually handed over<\/strong>. A note saying \u201cI undertake to repay\u201d, without the word \u201creceived\u201d, leaves the borrower room to say they never saw the money, and the transfer then has to be proved by bank records, witnesses and correspondence.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<p><strong>If the note sets no repayment date<\/strong>, the debt is repayable within 30 days of a demand being made (Art. 1049 CC). So the first step is a written demand, and time runs from it.<\/p>\n<h2>What can be recovered besides the principal<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"sb-steps\"><li><strong>The principal<\/strong> \u2014 the sum stated in the note.<\/li><li><strong>Interest for the use of the money.<\/strong> If the note is silent, the National Bank\u2019s discount rate applies <span class=\"sb-art\">Art. 1048 CC<\/span>. A loan between individuals is interest-free only where it is unconnected with either party\u2019s business and does not exceed 50 tax-free minimums, that is 850 UAH.<\/li><li><strong>A penalty<\/strong> \u2014 only if the parties agreed one in the note itself and fixed its size. Without such a term no penalty is recoverable on a loan between individuals, so do not assume a \u201cdouble discount rate\u201d applies.<\/li><li><strong>3 % a year and inflation losses<\/strong> <span class=\"sb-art\">Art. 625 CC<\/span> for the whole period of default, whatever the note says. Inflation losses apply to a hryvnia obligation; a foreign-currency debt is not indexed.<\/li><li><strong>Costs<\/strong>: the court fee and legal fees are normally awarded against the debtor if you win <span class=\"sb-art\">Art. 141 CPC<\/span>, but legal costs must be claimed and evidenced before the hearing ends.<\/li><\/ol>\n<p>On large sums and after several years of default, items 2\u20134 change the total substantially. They must be calculated <strong>before<\/strong> the claim is filed: increasing the claim later is harder.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/rozpyska-infografika-en.svg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5338\" src=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/rozpyska-infografika-en.svg\" alt=\"Recovering on an IOU: what the note must contain and what can be claimed besides the principal\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Demand, court order, claim<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sb-path\"><div class=\"sb-path__head\"><h3 class=\"sb-path__title\">The written demand<\/h3><span class=\"sb-chip sb-chip--fast\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M12 7v5l3 2\"\/><\/svg>30 days to repay<\/span><\/div><p>A demand is always needed where the note sets no repayment date: without it the debt is not yet legally overdue, so there is no basis for the 3 % a year or the inflation losses. We send it by registered post with an inventory of the contents to the borrower\u2019s registered address and keep the receipt: it becomes the first piece of evidence. Sometimes the demand alone brings the money back without any court.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"sb-path\"><div class=\"sb-path__head\"><h3 class=\"sb-path__title\">A court order: 5 days<\/h3><span class=\"sb-chip sb-chip--fast\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M12 7v5l3 2\"\/><\/svg>5 days, fee 332.80 UAH<\/span><\/div><p>The quickest route, and the one most lenders forget. The conditions: the debt is evidenced by a <strong>written transaction<\/strong> (an IOU qualifies), there is no dispute as to the right, and the sum <strong>does not exceed 100 subsistence minimums<\/strong> \u2014 in 2026, <strong>332,800 UAH<\/strong> (Art. 161 CPC).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>decided in <strong>5 days<\/strong>, with no hearing and no summonses;<\/li>\n<li>the court fee is <strong>332.80 UAH<\/strong> instead of 1 % of the sum;<\/li>\n<li>the order is itself an <strong>enforceable instrument<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"sb-path__note\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3 2 20h20z\"\/><path d=\"M12 10v5M12 17.6v.4\"\/><\/svg><div>The limitation: the debtor has <strong>15 days<\/strong> from service of the order to apply to have it set aside, and the court does so almost automatically. So the order works where the debtor does not dispute the debt but is simply playing for time. If it is set aside, the fee paid counts towards the fee on the claim.<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sb-path\"><div class=\"sb-path__head\"><h3 class=\"sb-path__title\">A claim<\/h3><span class=\"sb-chip sb-chip--slow\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M12 7v5l3 2\"\/><\/svg>several months<\/span><\/div><p>A claim is filed where the debtor disputes the debt, says they \u201cwrote it under pressure\u201d, or where the sum exceeds the limit for a court order. The law allows 60 days from the opening of the case for a simplified hearing, and up to 60 days of preparatory proceedings plus the hearing on the merits in ordinary ones. In practice, with adjournments and judges\u2019 leave, first instance takes several months, and longer with an appeal. The court fee is <strong>1 % of the value of the claim<\/strong> (from 1,331.20 to 16,640 UAH for individuals in 2026).<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>The debtor\u2019s standard defences, and how to meet them<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sb-cards sb-cards--2\"><article class=\"sb-card\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3 2 20h20z\"\/><path d=\"M12 10v5M12 17.6v.4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h3 class=\"sb-card__title\">\u201cI wrote it under pressure\u201d<\/h3><div class=\"sb-card__body\"><p> The debtor must prove the pressure. A bare assertion is not accepted; it takes police reports, witnesses, expert evidence.<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"sb-card\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 9l9-5 9 5\"\/><path d=\"M4 9h16v2H4z\"\/><path d=\"M6 11v6M10 11v6M14 11v6M18 11v6\"\/><path d=\"M3 20h18\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h3 class=\"sb-card__title\">\u201cI never got the money, it was a formality\u201d<\/h3><div class=\"sb-card__body\"><p> Here the wording decides. The word \u201creceived\u201d closes the question; its absence is the main weakness, offset by a bank transfer on the same day and by correspondence.<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"sb-card\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 3h12v18l-2-1.5L14 21l-2-1.5L10 21l-2-1.5L6 21z\"\/><path d=\"M9 8h6M9 12h6M9 16h4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h3 class=\"sb-card__title\">\u201cI already paid it all back\u201d<\/h3><div class=\"sb-card__body\"><p> The debtor must prove repayment: by the lender\u2019s receipt or by bank statements. Assertions do not work.<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"sb-card\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M20 20l-4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h3 class=\"sb-card__title\">\u201cThat is not my signature\u201d<\/h3><div class=\"sb-card__body\"><p> The court orders a handwriting examination, which needs the original note and specimen signatures of the debtor from the same period. Cost and timing depend on the expert institution and the number of specimens, so we give a figure at the consultation once we have the documents. If the debtor avoids providing specimens, the court may treat as established the very fact the examination was to determine (Art. 109 CPC) \u2014 so delay works against them.<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"sb-card\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 3h12M6 21h12\"\/><path d=\"M8 3v3l4 5 4-5V3M8 21v-3l4-5 4 5v3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h3 class=\"sb-card__title\">\u201cThe limitation period has expired\u201d<\/h3><div class=\"sb-card__body\"><p> The most dangerous defence, since the court applies limitation only if a party pleads it. A part repayment or a written acknowledgment <strong>interrupts<\/strong> the period (Art. 264 CC) and time starts afresh \u2014 which is why a 500 UAH transfer \u201ctowards the debt\u201d sometimes saves the whole claim.<\/p><\/div><\/article><\/div>\n<h2>Limitation on an IOU in 2026<\/h2>\n<p>The general period is <strong>3 years<\/strong> (Art. 257 CC). From 2 April 2020 limitation <strong>did not run<\/strong>: first because of the quarantine, then because of martial law. Law No. 4434-IX ended that pause, and from <strong>4 September 2025<\/strong> time began running again.<\/p>\n<p>For IOUs that means old debts from 2018\u20132021 have a deadline once more, and for some of them it falls <strong>in 2026\u20132027<\/strong>. Where the note names a repayment date, limitation runs from the day after it. Where it does not, from the 31st day after the written demand was served. Where the debtor repaid in instalments, the period runs separately for each payment, so part of the claim may be alive and part dead.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sb-case\"><div class=\"sb-case__head\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 3l8 3v6c0 5-3.5 8-8 9-4.5-1-8-4-8-9V6z\"\/><path d=\"M9 12l2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h2 class=\"sb-case__title\">A case from our practice<\/h2><\/div><p>In 2025 a man came to us who in 2019 had lent an acquaintance 380,000 UAH on a note with no repayment date. For several years the borrower \u201cpromised next month\u201d, then stopped answering. We sent a written demand by registered post, waited out the 30 days and applied for a court order: the sum was within the limit and the note contained the word \u201creceived\u201d. The debtor had the order set aside, so we filed a claim with a calculation of the 3 % a year and inflation losses for the period after the demand, and the court granted almost all of it. About seven months passed from the demand to the first-instance judgment; our fee was 18,000 UAH and the court awarded the court fee against the debtor. (details changed)<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>The lender\u2019s typical mistakes<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sb-cards sb-cards--2\"><article class=\"sb-card\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 3h12M6 21h12\"\/><path d=\"M8 3v3l4 5 4-5V3M8 21v-3l4-5 4 5v3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h3 class=\"sb-card__title\">Waiting \u201ca bit longer\u201d<\/h3><div class=\"sb-card__body\"><p> The most expensive mistake: as the time passes, limitation expires and the debtor\u2019s assets disappear.<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"sb-card\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect x=\"4\" y=\"3\" width=\"16\" height=\"18\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M8 7h8M8 12h.01M12 12h.01M16 12h.01M8 16h.01M12 16h.01M16 16h.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h3 class=\"sb-card__title\">Filing without a calculation<\/h3><div class=\"sb-card__body\"><p> Interest, the 3 % a year and inflation losses are calculated as at the date of filing; increasing the claim afterwards is harder, and on large sums the difference runs to tens of thousands of hryvnia.<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"sb-card\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 3h12v18l-2-1.5L14 21l-2-1.5L10 21l-2-1.5L6 21z\"\/><path d=\"M9 8h6M9 12h6M9 16h4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h3 class=\"sb-card__title\">Accepting a part payment without a document<\/h3><div class=\"sb-card__body\"><p> Unless you record what and which period the payment covers, the debtor will tell the court they repaid the principal, and you lose the basis for interest.<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"sb-card\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"7\"\/><path d=\"M20 20l-4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h3 class=\"sb-card__title\">Not checking for assets<\/h3><div class=\"sb-card__body\"><p> A judgment against a debtor with nothing is just paper. The property register, the Unified Register of Debtors and the automated enforcement system show whether there is anything to recover from \u2014 before you pay the court fee.<\/p><\/div><\/article><article class=\"sb-card\"><span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M5 4h4l2 5-2.5 1.5a11 11 0 0 0 5 5L15 13l5 2v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2A16 16 0 0 1 3 6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><h3 class=\"sb-card__title\">Sending the demand by messenger<\/h3><div class=\"sb-card__body\"><p> The 30 days under Art. 1049 CC run from proof of service, and a screenshot of a chat is not always accepted as such.<\/p><\/div><\/article><\/div>\n<h2>How we work<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"sb-proc\"><li><strong>We analyse the note<\/strong>: whether it will hold up in court and where its weaknesses lie.<\/li><li><strong>We calculate the full claim<\/strong>: principal, interest, 3 % a year, inflation losses.<\/li><li><strong>We check limitation<\/strong> for each sum separately.<\/li><li><strong>We check the debtor\u2019s assets<\/strong> against the registers: whether there is anything to recover from.<\/li><li><strong>We choose the procedure<\/strong>: demand, court order or claim.<\/li><li><strong>We handle enforcement<\/strong>: freezing accounts and property, travel bans.<\/li><\/ol>\n<h2>Cost of services<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sb-price\"><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Consultation with a review of the note<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>1,500 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Legal opinion: calculation of the claim and the prospects<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>5,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Demand letter, negotiations, pre-action settlement<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>5,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Application for a court order, or the claim form<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>5,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Participation in one court hearing<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>3,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Court representation<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>10,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row sb-price__row--hi\"><span>Comprehensive handling of a civil case<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>25,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><div class=\"sb-price__row\"><span>Enforcement proceedings<\/span><b><i>from<\/i>3,000 UAH<\/b><\/div><\/div>\n<p>Court fees in 2026: an application for a court order costs 332.80 UAH; a claim costs 1 % of its value, but not less than 1,331.20 and not more than 16,640 UAH for an individual. Filing through the Electronic Court reduces the rate by 20 %. If you win, the fee is recovered from the debtor.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sb-calc\" data-rate=\"0.01\" data-min=\"1331.20\" data-max=\"16640\" data-ecourt=\"0.8\">\n\t\t<div class=\"sb-calc__head\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"sb-icobox\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect x=\"4\" y=\"3\" width=\"16\" height=\"18\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M8 7h8M8 12h.01M12 12h.01M16 12h.01M8 16h.01M12 16h.01M16 16h.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<h3>Calculate the court fee on a claim<\/h3>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"sb-calc__note\">Up to 332,800 UAH an IOU can go by court order, with a fee of 332.80 UAH.<\/p>\n\t\t<div class=\"sb-calc__grid\">\n\t\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t\t<label for=\"svcalc-9787-claim\">Amount of the debt<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sb-calc__in\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input id=\"svcalc-9787-claim\" class=\"sb-calc__claim\" type=\"text\" inputmode=\"numeric\" value=\"380 000\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>\u0433\u0440\u043d<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<input class=\"sb-calc__range\" type=\"range\" min=\"50000\" max=\"3000000\" step=\"10000\" value=\"380000\" aria-label=\"Amount of the debt\">\n\t\t\t\t<label class=\"sb-calc__toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"sb-calc__ecourt\"> \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0454\u043c\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u00ab\u0415\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u00bb\n\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sb-calc__out\">\n\t\t\t\t<b class=\"sb-calc__fee\">3 800 \u0433\u0440\u043d<\/b>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sb-calc__hint\">1 % \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0446\u0456\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0443<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<small class=\"sb-calc__disclaimer\">The calculation is indicative. The final fee is determined by the court.<\/small>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<ul class=\"sb-related\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/cziny-poslug\/\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg>Full price list<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/advokat-po-kredytam\/styagnennya-borgu\/\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg>Debt recovery<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/svaroglaw.com\/en\/advokat-po-kredytam\/\"><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6\"\/><\/svg>Credit and loan lawyer<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<h2>Questions and answers (Recovering a debt on an IOU)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"sb-faq\"><details class=\"sb-faq__item\" open><summary><h3>The note is in dollars. In which currency will the court award the debt?<\/h3><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"sb-faq__body\"><p>The court awards the sum in the currency of the obligation, that is in dollars, stating the hryvnia equivalent at the National Bank rate on the day of judgment. Inflation losses under Art. 625 CC are not added to a foreign-currency debt, while the 3 % a year is awarded in the same currency. The enforcement officer pays out subject to currency legislation, so it is best to prepare the calculation both ways.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"sb-faq__item\"><summary><h3>Can the debt be recovered if the debtor has gone abroad?<\/h3><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"sb-faq__body\"><p>Yes. The court hears the case at the debtor\u2019s last registered address in Ukraine and sends summonses there, and where necessary summons them through a notice on the judiciary\u2019s website. Enforcement is harder: if there are no assets in Ukraine, the judgment has to be recognised in the debtor\u2019s country of residence, which is a separate procedure with its own timescales and costs.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"sb-faq__item\"><summary><h3>What if the three years have already passed?<\/h3><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"sb-faq__body\"><p>First recalculate, allowing for the 2020\u20132025 pause: often the period has not in fact expired. If it truly has, two routes remain: obtain a written acknowledgment or a part payment from the debtor, which interrupts limitation, or file the claim and ask the court to accept the reasons for the delay as valid. Limitation applies only if the debtor pleads it, so the case is not automatically hopeless.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"sb-faq__item\"><summary><h3>The debtor has died. Can the money be claimed from the heirs?<\/h3><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"sb-faq__body\"><p>Yes, the debt forms part of the estate, and the heirs are liable up to the value of what they inherited (Art. 1282 CC). The creditor must make the claim within six months of learning that the estate has been opened, or within a year of the repayment date falling due \u2014 missing that period extinguishes the claim, so act at once.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"sb-faq__item\"><summary><h3>The note is typed, with only the signature by hand. Is it valid?<\/h3><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"sb-faq__body\"><p>Yes, the law does not require an IOU to be handwritten. But handwritten text gives more material for a handwriting examination if the debtor disputes authorship. Where the signature is the only handwritten element, back the position up with a bank transfer, correspondence, or video of the money being handed over.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"sb-faq__item\"><summary><h3>Can the case be handled remotely, without coming to Kyiv?<\/h3><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 5v14M5 12h14\"\/><\/svg><\/summary><div class=\"sb-faq__body\"><p>Yes. You send the documents by messenger or email, we sign the engagement electronically, the claim goes through the Electronic Court at the reduced fee, and the lawyer appears on a warrant without you. You are needed in person only if the court calls you to give evidence or handwriting specimens.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"sb-closing\"><h2>Contact Svarog about recovering a debt on an IOU<\/h2>\n<p>Send us a photograph of the note: we will assess whether it will hold up in court, calculate the full claim with interest, the 3 % a year and inflation losses, check limitation and choose the procedure. If there is nothing to recover from the debtor, you will know before you pay the court fee, not after the judgment.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"sb-meta\"><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M5 4h4l2 5-2.5 1.5a11 11 0 0 0 5 5L15 13l5 2v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2A16 16 0 0 1 3 6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2z\"\/><\/svg><span><a href=\"tel:+380955545424\">+38 095 554-54-24<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 21s-6-5.5-6-11a6 6 0 0 1 12 0c0 5.5-6 11-6 11z\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><span>Kyiv, 7 Khoriva Street (Podil)<\/span><\/li><li><svg class=\"sb-ico\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.7\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"9\"\/><path d=\"M12 7v5l3 2\"\/><\/svg><span>Mon\u2013Fri 9.00\u201318.00<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A handwritten IOU is not \u201ca scrap of paper\u201d but a full loan contract (Arts. 1046\u20131047 CC). A court will uphold the debt if the text shows who the parties are, the amount, that the money was handed over, and bears the borrower\u2019s signature. Notarisation is not required, and neither are witnesses. The difficulties usually [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2269,"parent":2301,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/service.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2305","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Debt recovery under a promissory note \u2014 lawyer, court order, claim, fees<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A promissory note is a loan agreement. We recover principal, interest, 3% per annum and inflation losses: court order in 5 days or a claim. 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